安装Ubuntu24之后的常用设置

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After Install

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install net-tools wireless-tools build-essential plocate

启用无线网卡（可选）

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lspci -nnk|grep -iA2 net #得到无线网卡硬件信息：MEDIATEK Corp. MT7921 xxx

ip addr #得到无线网卡名称：wlp5s0
sudo ifconfig wlp5s0 up #启用无线网卡
sudo iwlist wlp5s0 scan | grep ESSID #让无线网卡搜索周边WIFI，记住想要连接的ESSID

ll /etc/netplan/  # 得到类似50-cloud-init.yaml

sudo vi /etc/netplan/xxx-init.yaml

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network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp4s0:
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: false
      addresses: [10.0.0.18/24]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 10.0.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [10.0.0.1]
        search: []
  wifis:
    wlp5s0:
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: false
      addresses: [10.0.0.24/24]
      nameservers:
        addresses: [10.0.0.1]
      access-points:
        "mywifiname":
          password: "mywifipassword"

重启服务

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sudo netplan apply
ip address
ip route
resolvectl

python和pip

  1. 安装
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ll /usr/bin/python* #得到python3.12
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.12 1
sudo update-alternatives --config python
python -V
  1. pip镜像（方式一）

~/.config/pip/pip.conf

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[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
  1. pip镜像（方式二）
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# 使用ustc镜像站来升级 pip
pip install -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ pip -U
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
  1. pip镜像（方式三）

如果方式二出现以下错误：

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error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

这种情况下官方推荐为每个python应用配置独立的虚拟空间：

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cd /your/scripts/path
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

安装golang

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sudo apt install golang
go version

配置git

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git config ---global user.name 'myname'
git config --global user.email 'xxx@xxx.com'
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'xxx@xxx.com'

将pubkey填写到github –> SSH & GPG Keys。
可将id_rsa和id_rsa.pud拷贝到其他路径，如windows机器的%USERPROFILE%.ssh，以便共享。

安装好好上网服务（可选）

（过程略）

设置代理

vi ~/.bashrc

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# added by me
export PROXY_SERVER_IP=127.0.0.1
# proxy on
function proxyon() {
    export http_proxy=http://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808
    export https_proxy=http://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808
    export ftp_proxy=socks5://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808
    export all_proxy=socks5://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808
    export no_proxy="localhost;127.*;10.*;172.16.*;172.17.*;172.18.*;172.19.*;172.20.*;172.21.*;172.22.*;172.23.*;172.24.*;172.25.*;172.26.*;172.27.*;172.28.*;172.29.*;172.30.*;172.31.*;192.168.*;"
    git config --global http.proxy "http://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808"
    git config --global https.proxy "http://$PROXY_SERVER_IP:10808"
    export GO111MODULE=on
    export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
    go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
}

# proxy off
function proxyoff() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy ftp_proxy all_proxy no_proxy
    git config --global --unset http.proxy
    git config --global --unset https.proxy
    unset GO111MODULE GOPROXY
}

其他必要设置

  1. 修改/etc/sudoers
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+ Defaults !env_reset
- Defaults env_reset
  1. 设置时区和24小时
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sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
sudo vi /etc/default/locale # 增加 LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8
  1. 修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config后，重启ssh服务
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+ AllowTcpForwarding yes # 去掉注释
- #AllowTcpForwarding yes

参考资料
https://sqlpey.com/python/how-to-fix-externally-managed-environment-error/
https://www.cnblogs.com/luk/p/18624859
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1464028/how-to-setup-static-ip-with-wireless-interface-and-netplan-on-ubuntu-22-04
https://www.configserverfirewall.com/ubuntu-linux/set-static-ip-ubuntu-server/